Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: These are potent mediators of inflammation and are derivatives of arachidonic acid (AA) a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid produced from membrane phospholipids.

The principal pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism are

the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, which produces prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). PGH2 serves as the substrate for two enzymatic pathways: one leading to the production of several

prostaglandins (PG); the other leading to the production of

thromboxanes (Tx).

the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, which produces a collection of leukotrienes

The body produces several different forms of cyclooxygenase (COX), including
COX-1, which is involved in pain, clotting, and protecting the stomach;
COX-2, which is involved in the pain produced by inflammation.
COX-2 inhibitors are effective against inflammation and seem to avoid damage to the GI tract. But, unfortunately, they increase the risk of blood clots — which can cause heart attacks and strokes — because they do not block the synthesis of thromboxane A2 by platelets (which contain only COX-1). So people depending on NSAIDs for their heart protective effects must monitor any use of COX-2 inhibitors carefully.

The alpha-bisabolol promotes granulation and tissue regeneration in ulcers.Apigenin may be an anti-inflammatory constituent, due to the water-soluble and lipophilic components. The flavones block the arachidonic acid pathway by inhibiting phospholipase A, cyclo-oxygenase, and lipoxygenase pathways. chamazulene and alpha-bisabolol, have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory action by interfering with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase production.The azulene have anti-allergenic and anti-inflammatory actions.

Azulene may prevent histamine discharge from tissue by activating the pituitary-adrenal system, causing the release of cortisone, or azulene may prevent allergic seizures caused by histamine release, activating cellular resistance and speeding the process of healing. alpha bisablol accelerates wound-healing, reducing inflammation and promoting tissue granulation and regeneration.

It contains Natural flavonoid components and have no damaging effect/chemically in G.I tract.

Alpha-bisabolol exerts a rapid and efficient apoptosis-inducing action selectively towards human and murine malignant glioblastoma cell lines through mitochondrial damage. Apoptosis-inducing action of alpha-bisabolol towards highly malignant carcinoma cell lines without affecting human fibroblast viability. Chamazulene have potential anti-oxidant effects. Chamazulene exerts antioxidant effects through inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Apigenin is a potential cancer chemo preventive agent, it inhibits proliferation of cancer cells and reduces the number, size, of skin tumors/epithelial carcinoma that develop in response to chemical cancer/UVB exposure by a mechanism involving inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity in DNA. The high dose of apigenin not found more effective than the low dose in the prevention of skin/epithelial carcinogenesis.Induces the reversion of transformed phenotypes of v-H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells at low concentration (12.5 uM) by inhibiting MAP kinase activity. Also inhibits the proliferation of malignant tumor cells by G2/M arrest and induces morphological differentiation.

Apigenin was a potent inhibitor of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction by TPA in a dose-dependent manner .Apigenin inhibited skin papillomas and showed the tendency to decrease conversion of papillomas to carcinomas. Antineoplastic Effects: Apigenin applied topically has effects on skin tumorigenesis through inhibition of skin papillomas and a tendency to decrease the conversion of papillomas to carcinomas.

Apigenin inhibits UV-induced tumorigenesis when applied topically via G2/M and G1 cell-cycle arrest in keratinocytes (Lepley, 1996; Lepley, 1997). The chemoprevention mechanisms occur through inhibition of the mitotic kinase activity, perturbation of cyclin B1 levels, and inhibition of protein kinase C (Lepley, 1996; Lin, 1997). Apigenin suppresses transcriptional activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages, which is important for the prevention of carcinogenesis and inflammation (Liang, 1999)

Luteolin is thought to play a role in the human body possibly as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, or an immune system modulator. If applicable to the human condition, these characteristics may inhibit cancer mechanisms. Basic research results indicate luteolin as an anti-inflammatory agent with other potential effects on septic shock. It has been suggested for multiple sclerosis on the basis of in vitro work.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the throat or pharynx.] In most cases it is painful. It is the most common cause of a sore throat.

Pharyngitis can be acute – characterized by a rapid onset and typically a relatively short course – or chronic. Pharyngitis can result in very large tonsils which cause trouble swallowing and breathing. Pharyngitis can be accompanied by a cough or fever, for example, if caused by a systemic infection.

Most acute cases are caused by viral infections (40–80%), with the remainder caused by bacterial infections, fungal infections, or irritants such as pollutants or chemical substances Treatment of viral causes are mainly symptomatic while bacterial or fungal causes may be amenable to antibiotics and anti-fungal respectively.

Apigenin may be an anti-inflammatory constituent19, due to the water-soluble and lipophilic components. The flavones block the arachidonic acid pathway by inhibiting phospholipase A, cyclo-oxygenase, and lipoxygenase pathways. chamazulene and a-bisabolol, have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory action by interfering with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase production20. The azulene have anti-allergenic and anti-inflammatory action.

Chamazulene exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of leukotriene B4 formation Leukotriene B4 is a leukotriene involved in inflammation

Alpha bisablol accelerates wound-healing, reducing inflammation and promoting tissue granulation and regeneration

Chamazulene have potential anti-oxidant effects. Chamazulene exerts antioxidant effects through inhibition of lipid peroxidation ( Chamazulene also blocks chemical peroxidation of arachidonic acid for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Luteolin is thought to play a role in the human body possibly as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, or an immune system modulator Chamazulene exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of leukotriene B4 formation (Safayhi, 1994). The en-yne dicycloether inhibits degranulation of mast cells to prevent histamine release (Miller, 1996). Apigenin, a flavonoid, effectively blocks intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation and leukocyte adhesion in response to cytokines. This activity is through a mechanism unrelated to free radical scavenging or leukocyte formation

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums (gingiva).

Bleeding gums (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth)

Bright red or red-purple appearance to gums
Gums that are tender when touched, but otherwise painless
Mouth sores
Swollen gums
Shiny appearance to gums

Kamol reduces inflamation of gums.Apigenin may be an anti-inflammatory constituent19, due to the water-soluble and lipophilic components. The flavones block the arachidonic acid pathway by inhibiting phospholipase A, cyclo-oxygenase, and lipoxygenase pathways. chamazulene and a-bisabolol, have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory action by interfering with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase production20. The azulene have anti-allergenic and anti-inflammatory action.

Chamazulene exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of leukotriene B4 formation Leukotriene B4 is a leukotriene involved in inflammation

Antimicrobial : According to in vitro studies the essential oil has bactericidal and fungicidal activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Candida albicans in concentrations above 0.05% v/v26. Extracts of chamomile have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E. coli27. The growth of S. aureus, Streptococcus mutans and group B streptococcus was inhibited by chamomile extract at concentrations of 10 mg/ml. Complete mouth wash.

KAMOL is an Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant having a specific effect of Apoptosis by the mechanism of selective cancer cell death by Mitochondrial damage at D.N.A. levels. KAMOL stops the proliferation of cancer cells / ectodermal tumors by the action of its various components. Due to its Antioxidant action it has a very good capacity to regenerate the normal epithelial cells & stop the histamine release thus decreases inflammation.All the properties of KAMOL makes it the drug of choice in the treatment of oral stomatitis mucosistitis (chemo & radio therapy induced), leukoplakia, oral-submucous fibrosis, erosions / ulcerations of the oral cavity. KAMOL is also very effective in the cases of tonsillitis & pharyngitis. KAMOL an oral rinse is a good, safe pleasantly flavored mouth freshener.